T3km4n
10-10-2004, 04:13 PM
Imagine getting sick, but never getting better. You just keep getting more and more sick until you die. This is what would happen if you had no Immune System. This is also what eventually happens to people who have AIDS or HIV. Your Immune System is a collection of Molecules, Cells, and Organs that protect you from outside dangers or inside dangers. Your Immune System is very important, so you should give it all of the nutrition it needs.
All of the cells in your Immune System are made from the marrow in the bone. You have many organs that regulate the cells. T cells are the leader cells. They tell all of the other cells what to do. One of the other cells is a macrophage. The B cells make antibodies and destroy dangerous or unknown cells. The macrophage engulfs the unkown cell, and takes it out of your system. Your Immune System is the first line of defense. The term, "What doesn't kill me, just makes me stronger" applies to the Immune System in that when you are exposed to a bad cell, your Immune System remembers that, and can take care of it easier next time.
The first barrier to outside danger is the skin. The skin is the outer layer of your skin that not only holds everything in, but also keeps things out. Your skin is very important, and also needs good nutrients. Another physical barrier is mucus in your gut and airways, keeping things from seeping in.
The second line of defense includes Phagocytic cells. Some of these cells are macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes. These cells engulf other cells and things not native to the body. The cells use adhesion to stick to the other organism, and then slowly engulfs it. The bacteria is then digested by the enzymes in the cell.
In addition, there are anti-microbal proteins that may help get rid of dangerous organisms that pass through the first line of defense. An example is a protein that enhances phagocytes and activates complement. The complement system is actived in a cascade.
There are five different types of White Blood Cells. Nuetrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Esinophils, ans Basophils.
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Esinophil
Basophil
These cells all have different functions. The Neutrophils, Esinophils, and Basophils are all granulocytes, and Monocytes and Lymphocytes are Leukocytes.
The Neutrophil are the most abundant of the White Blood Cells. They squeeze through capillary walls into the infected areas where they kill the invaders. The Neutrophil have a never-ending task, even in a healthy person. Radiation, Chemotherapy, and many forms of stress lower the amount of Neutrophil, which is why people in these situations are so open to sickness.
The Esinophil are usually in a very low number compared to other White Blood Cells. However, certain diseases cause the numbers of Esinophil to spike, such as worms. Also, Esinophil are cytoxic, releasing their granules on the invader.
The Basophil also increase in number during infection. They go through the blood and accumulate at a certain place of infection, where they release their granules. They discharge histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. This increases blow flow to the area, and increases inflammation. The mediators also play an important role in allergies such as hay fever and an anaphylactic response to stings.
The Lymphocytes have many different functions. There are B cells and T cells. The B cells are responsible for making antibodies. T cells have some different functions. Some T cells recruit macrophages and neutrophils to a site of infection, while some kill virus-infected or tumorous cells, and others enhance the production of antibodies in B cells. The T cells are created in the Bone Marrow, but are matured in the Thymus. Both T and B cells take up residence in lymph nodes, where they encounter antigens, continue to divide with mitosis, and mature into fully functional cells.
The Monocytes leave the blood and become macrophages. Macrophages are large cells, that are phagocytic, and when told, engulf foreign material, and dead and dying cells of the body.
Another aspect of your Immune System are Platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes. Blood normally contains 150,000-350,000 per microliter. Platelets are used when there is a cut or gash in one of your blood vessels. The bleeding must stop before schock or death occurs. This is stopped by coagulation. A blood clot consists of a pile of platelets plugging up the cut and a mesh of insoluble fibrin molecules.
Also, Plasma is the liquid that all of the Blood Cells are suspended in. Plasma is 92% water, and the rest is proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose(sugar). Plasma carries materials to cells and from cells when needed. Most of these materials are on their way to be added to the blood. The places where these materials can be removed from the blood is every cell, and exchange organs, such as the kidney and the skin.
HIV and AIDS are diseases that attack the Immune System. These diseases are so deadly because instead of attacking the body, they attack the Immune System directly, cutting off any chance of help. AIDS is transmitted through fluids such as blood or sperm but not saliva.
This is what I have so far, is it good? What can I add? It needs to be 8-10 pages doublespaced...
All of the cells in your Immune System are made from the marrow in the bone. You have many organs that regulate the cells. T cells are the leader cells. They tell all of the other cells what to do. One of the other cells is a macrophage. The B cells make antibodies and destroy dangerous or unknown cells. The macrophage engulfs the unkown cell, and takes it out of your system. Your Immune System is the first line of defense. The term, "What doesn't kill me, just makes me stronger" applies to the Immune System in that when you are exposed to a bad cell, your Immune System remembers that, and can take care of it easier next time.
The first barrier to outside danger is the skin. The skin is the outer layer of your skin that not only holds everything in, but also keeps things out. Your skin is very important, and also needs good nutrients. Another physical barrier is mucus in your gut and airways, keeping things from seeping in.
The second line of defense includes Phagocytic cells. Some of these cells are macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes. These cells engulf other cells and things not native to the body. The cells use adhesion to stick to the other organism, and then slowly engulfs it. The bacteria is then digested by the enzymes in the cell.
In addition, there are anti-microbal proteins that may help get rid of dangerous organisms that pass through the first line of defense. An example is a protein that enhances phagocytes and activates complement. The complement system is actived in a cascade.
There are five different types of White Blood Cells. Nuetrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Esinophils, ans Basophils.
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Esinophil
Basophil
These cells all have different functions. The Neutrophils, Esinophils, and Basophils are all granulocytes, and Monocytes and Lymphocytes are Leukocytes.
The Neutrophil are the most abundant of the White Blood Cells. They squeeze through capillary walls into the infected areas where they kill the invaders. The Neutrophil have a never-ending task, even in a healthy person. Radiation, Chemotherapy, and many forms of stress lower the amount of Neutrophil, which is why people in these situations are so open to sickness.
The Esinophil are usually in a very low number compared to other White Blood Cells. However, certain diseases cause the numbers of Esinophil to spike, such as worms. Also, Esinophil are cytoxic, releasing their granules on the invader.
The Basophil also increase in number during infection. They go through the blood and accumulate at a certain place of infection, where they release their granules. They discharge histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. This increases blow flow to the area, and increases inflammation. The mediators also play an important role in allergies such as hay fever and an anaphylactic response to stings.
The Lymphocytes have many different functions. There are B cells and T cells. The B cells are responsible for making antibodies. T cells have some different functions. Some T cells recruit macrophages and neutrophils to a site of infection, while some kill virus-infected or tumorous cells, and others enhance the production of antibodies in B cells. The T cells are created in the Bone Marrow, but are matured in the Thymus. Both T and B cells take up residence in lymph nodes, where they encounter antigens, continue to divide with mitosis, and mature into fully functional cells.
The Monocytes leave the blood and become macrophages. Macrophages are large cells, that are phagocytic, and when told, engulf foreign material, and dead and dying cells of the body.
Another aspect of your Immune System are Platelets. Platelets are small cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes. Blood normally contains 150,000-350,000 per microliter. Platelets are used when there is a cut or gash in one of your blood vessels. The bleeding must stop before schock or death occurs. This is stopped by coagulation. A blood clot consists of a pile of platelets plugging up the cut and a mesh of insoluble fibrin molecules.
Also, Plasma is the liquid that all of the Blood Cells are suspended in. Plasma is 92% water, and the rest is proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose(sugar). Plasma carries materials to cells and from cells when needed. Most of these materials are on their way to be added to the blood. The places where these materials can be removed from the blood is every cell, and exchange organs, such as the kidney and the skin.
HIV and AIDS are diseases that attack the Immune System. These diseases are so deadly because instead of attacking the body, they attack the Immune System directly, cutting off any chance of help. AIDS is transmitted through fluids such as blood or sperm but not saliva.
This is what I have so far, is it good? What can I add? It needs to be 8-10 pages doublespaced...